Theory of scientific inference. Organon of the 21st century. Textbook
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The manual develops a view of the methodology of science as a theory of scientific inference. Scientific inference is understood as the combination of the methodological invariant of scientific research with Bayes' theorem as a unified mathematical formalism for the discovery, explanation, prediction, confirmation, and unification of new knowledge. The first part of the manual analyzes the epistemological and methodological foundations of the theory of scientific inference. The concepts of the methodological invariant of scientific research, scientific inference, and its structural components - explanatory and predictive cycles are defined. The dynamics of the discovery and justification of new knowledge in terms of the probability functions of Bayes' theorem are explained, the connection of scientific inference with the inductive interpretation of probabilities, de Finetti's representation theorem, and the law of large numbers is explored. The universal nature of scientific inference is demonstrated using the example of solving the problem of induction and some specific probabilistic paradoxes of scientific inference. The second part of the manual reveals the fundamental connection of scientific inference with the discovery, explanation, confirmation, prediction, and unification of new scientific knowledge. Special theorems formalizing the features of the listed functions of scientific inference are proven. The main direct and inverse modes of scientific inference are formulated and proven, including inference by analogy and J.S. Mill's methods of causality. The technique of applying modes of scientific inference is demonstrated using examples from scientific and literary works. The book is based on the author's research in logic and the methodology of science, as well as teaching courses on the history and theory of the methodology of science to graduate students. It is addressed to graduate students, young scientists, and anyone specializing in the fields of history, philosophy, logic, and the methodology of science.
Author:
Author:Svetlov Viktor Aleksandrovich
Cover:
Cover:soft
Category:
- Category:Science & Math
- Category:Historical Literature
Dimensions:
Dimensions:21x15x1.3 cm
ISBN:
ISBN:978-5-9765-5332-3
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