Physics and mathematical economics: Analogies of problems and commonality of their mathematical formulations

The book discusses the mathematical models of physics and economics that have the same formal description. The community of mathematical formulations of tasks, different in nature, is shown with examples of static and dynamic models, well known in these sciences. So, an analogy between the equilibrium of the material point in the potential field of external forces and the optimization task of production planning is considered. Thermodynamic analogues of market models are represented. The integrates of the movement of the system of material particles are compared with the dynamics of economic indicators with a balanced growth of a diversified economy. The mechanisms of the occurrence of cyclicity in a simple dynamic model of Leontiev are described