Postmodern. Games of the mind

Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century, working in the fields of logic, philosophy of mind, and language as a form of mind. Wittgenstein believed that language cannot be understood outside the context in which it is used: with a change in context, the semantic meaning of language also changes. All of this resembles a "language game," a set of methods rather than a theory, but Wittgenstein believed that this is how the discipline should look, constantly adapting to its changing subject. Jean-François Lyotard, a French postmodernist philosopher, provides a different interpretation of Wittgenstein's "language games." According to Lyotard, "language games" should denote separate systems in which independent rules are established for their operation. In the postmodern era, says Lyotard, previous grand philosophical doctrines (metanarratives) provoke skepticism. We understand the incompatibility of our aspirations, beliefs, and desires, and for this reason, postmodernity is characterized by a large number of micronarratives. The book presents the main works of Wittgenstein and Lyotard on this topic.