Russia and Europe

This book is the main work of the great Russian thinker, the founder of the doctrine of the civilizations of Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevsky (1822 - 1885) In it, he enters into polemic with those historians and philosophers who believed that European civilization is identical to universal human. According to Danilevsky, there is no and cannot be universal civilization, there are various types of civilization, and an attempt to impose a type of disaster that is unusual for it can end with one of them - in connection with which the author considers the experience of "penetration" of Europe into Russia.
It should be noted that Danilevsky’s critical attitude to the Eurocentric scheme of world development to a large extent determined the views of philosophers such as O. Spengler ("Sunset of Europe"), A. Toynby ("Peace and West"), as well as Russian thinkers - - P. Sorokina and L. Gumilyov