Objectivity

Objectivity has long been seen as an integral attribute of scientific statements. She became a synonym for scientific and spread far beyond science. However, science existed long before the birth of objectivity. Objectivity has a story, and it is full of surprises. In the classical study, Lorrein Daston and Peter Galison, the idea of ​​objectivity, no longer appears as an attribute of scientific statements, but as an epistemic virtue, directing scientific practices and raising scientists themselves. Having arisen in the middle of the 19th century, it is influenced by new technologies, objects of research and scientific discoveries, acquires and loses its relevance. The authors trace the history of objectivity on the vast material of scientific visuality. The focus of their attention is the practice of creating, using and reading scientific images in atlases, textbooks and compensation since the 18th century. This is a historical trip to laboratories and university audiences, artists and museum collections, developing rooms and pages of scientific publications. The reader will open the nuances of interweaving with scientific images and the education of scientists, in which the ethical ideas of scientists about themselves are adjacent to the working objects of science and cartography of consciousness, protocols and films, paints and X-ray apparatus, pencils and nuclear-power microscopes