Hunger, fear of death and sexual instinct

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860) is the most famous thinker in the spirit of irrationalism and misanthropy. He called the existing world of "worst of the possible worlds", for which he was the name of the nickname "philosopher of pessimism." Schopenhauer"s views on human motivation and desires, the nature of man was influenced by many famous thinkers, including Nietzsche and Freud, and his ideas were somehow used in their works by Leo Tolstoy, Kafka and Borges.
Karl Gustav Jung (1875 - 1961), the Swiss philosopher and psychologist, in his works also paid much attention to the sexual motives for human behavior and the problems of life and death. Being a follower and closest student of Freud, until he spread with him in his views, Jung created his theory of world development. “Today, more than ever before, it becomes obvious,” he wrote, “that the danger that threatens us does not come from nature, but from man, it is rooted in the psychology of personality and psychology of mass.”