Dialogue about the two main systems of the world

No matter how great a contribution to the creation of classical science of such giants as N. Copernicus, I. Kepler, quietly Brage and others, it was Galileo who is considered to be the main founder and hero. Of course, Galileo belongs to a number of important scientific achievements, but he not only laid the foundations of classical physics, he did more - he created a new type of scientific thinking. He believed in the possibility of mathematical comprehension of the physical world. His elements are mental experiments and real experiments. The main experiment of the "dialogue" was an experiment on the reorganization of human thinking. The works of Galileo - and above all "dialogue" - a living testimony of the era, "genuine receipts of thought" (B. L. Pasternak) at its difficult transition from the world of Aristotle and St. Thomas to the world of Copernicus and Galilee. This publication is accompanied by a specially written introductory article by D.Kh.N., director of the museum-archiva D.I. Mendeleev of St. Petersburg State University Igor Sergeyevich Dmitriev, telling the main ideas and the history of the publication of the "dialogue" and the dramatic events that followed it, the analysis of which seems very relevant today