Nietzsche against democracy

The author represents Nietzsche as a thinker who despises "small politicians" of his time and tries to lay the normative foundations of the modern political alternative to democracy. Nietzsche’s work is the prospect of cultural revitalization of Europe, where the herd majority and its values ​​are under the control of a new, conscious and quite modern aristocratic caste, whose only concern is their own prosperity. F. APPEL also disputes the idea of ​​Nietzsche as a thinker-prote, whose philosophical thoughts can be turned in any direction depending on the interpreter"s own preferences. In his interpretation, the central topics of Nietzsche"s work are hierarchy (hierarchy of mankind, "order of ranks"), radical aristocracy and the idea of ​​human perfection