Environmental laser sounding. Methods and means

The monograph is devoted to the methods and means of laser sounding as a promising direction of contactless diagnosis and remote environmental monitoring. The architecture and principles of constructing traditional remote sensing systems of atmosphere, the features of the functioning of their subsystems, methods of taking and processing echo-signals are presented. The methodology of generalized analysis of laser systems of distance diagnostics based on the developed concept of dimensionless parameterization of lidars is described. The possibilities of its use are shown to evaluate the potential capabilities and compare lidars and their subsystems, including the sensitivity of laser sensing tools, range, noise immunity, etc. Based on the developed methodology, an analysis of leading photo detectors with internal strengthening was carried out, algorithms and models to substantiate the choice of optical receivers were proposed For specific applications with the variability of the atmosphere as an object of research and external influences. The principles of construction and features of the implementation of continuous frequency-modulated lidars as alternatives to traditional impulse systems of laser sounding are disclosed. A comparative analysis of the potential and ways of improving continuous lidars and their varieties with traditional impulse systems was carried out. The developed methods and means of optical-electronic processing of echo-signals of laser sounding, which increase the no preventiveness of systems, are presented. The effectiveness and features of the hardware implementation of the discussed methods of spatial, spectral and frequency-temporal selection of echo-signals of distance diagnostics in real obstacles are considered. For scientists and specialists in the development and use of laser systems of remote sensing and optical location, monitoring the environment and natural resources, preventing emergency situations, as well as graduate students and undergraduates of relevant specialties