Knowledge is power. 2022. No. 5
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Green energy - where will we be the day after tomorrow?
Materials of the main topic were prepared in February of the current year. Over the past time, quick changes have occurred in the energy sector, primarily in the gas and oil market - there was a tendency to increase in hydrocarbons. Purely political motives play a serious role. In particular, the European commission submitted in March the draft plan for an accelerated rejection of Russian energy carriers. The document is primarily aimed at reducing dependence on Russian gas (two -thirds before the end of 2022) This even more aggravates the need to switch to alternative energy sources. Important decisions will be made by governments and intergovernmental organizations in the coming months.
Let"s talk about "green energy". Humanity will undoubtedly go to it. If we, the inhabitants of the Earth, will not do this, we risk it. The question is, in what date does humanity will carry out such a transition? And how much is agreed? Indeed, 195 states are crowded on the globe, which differ in terms of population, and in the territory, and in the degree of contribution to the pollution of the earth"s atmosphere.
An example of a quick decrease in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere decided to show the countries of the European Union. The bet was made on renewable energy sources - first of all, wind and sunlight. There is also water energy, but far from everywhere you can build hydroelectric power stations and tidal power plants. Huge wind generators began to rise throughout Europe, extensive fields with panels of solar panels (a separate topic for conversation - high cost, material and energy intensity, significant carbon trace of production, high cost of service, extremely expensive utilization - do not forget about all this)
The wind station does not pollute the environment little (though, due to windmills, birds and bats die) and does not require significant operating costs, while the high cost of stations and unpredictability of generation remains, that is, dependence on the wind. By 2050, the total power of wind power plants will be 20 times higher than the 2010 indicator. This growth is directly related to a decrease in the cost of the construction of windows, including the enlargement and cheaper of wind generators, as well as auxiliary electrical equipment. Currently, wind energy is the second renewable electricity production technology, second only to hydropower.
Solar energy, first of all, heliotrmal, associated with heating the surface that absorbs the sun"s rays and corresponding to the use of heat (focusing solar radiation on a vessel with water or salt for the subsequent use of heated water for heating, hot water supply or in steam electro generators) . Disadvantages: dependence on the weather and time of the day, seasonality in the middle latitudes and the mismatch of periods of energy production and energy need, leading to the need for energy accumulation. Among other things, the high cost of the structure associated with the use of rare elements (for example, India and telluri)
There is another type of solar energy - stations that use photoelectric elements that directly convert the energy of the sun into electricity. Photoelectric modules and arrays produce direct current, which, if necessary, converts into alternating. They can be used both locally and in the form of powerful power plants. The latter act primarily in the USA (12 stations, 9 of them in Solar California), as well as in the United Arab Emirates, in India, Chile, Germany, Italy. But the cost of such power plants is quite high. And the dependence on the weather is no less than the heliotrmal.
It seemed - a peppy example to other countries in Europe was filed. Mercifully, we ask to follow us. Reality has made its own adjustments. By the beginning of the 2020s, it became clear that plans for a complete transition to renewable energy sources, which means to refuse hydrocarbon sources of energy - coal, oil, gas - were too optimistic. The total power that chicken and solar energy can provide is not enough to replace ordinary thermal power plants, and even in a parallel rejection of nuclear power plants due to their potential danger. The ghost of an acute energy crisis loomed over Europe that EU leaders were forced to recognize.
After long discussions, the European Commission proposed to soften the conditions for the transition to the Green Energy - to include gas and peaceful atom among the "transitional" energy sources. And this transition will not be short: the decision on the construction of new thermal power plants (TPP) on the gas should be made until 2030, and new nuclear power plants - up to 2045? Moreover, the new TPPs should be equipped with emissions captures.
It seems that in the opposite direction, Japan decided to move, which announced some time ago about the intention to build 22 huge coal TPPs. The first of them is 1.3 gigavatts on the way. The decision of the Japanese government is forced - the country after the tragedy of Fukushima refuses nuclear power plants, and it is vital to replenish the endangered capacities.
On the prospects and difficulties of the transition to the Green Energy, about how the modern atomic energy can be attributed to it, about the prospects of a much cleaner (compared to atomic) thermonuclear energy, we speak in the main topic of this issue
Materials of the main topic were prepared in February of the current year. Over the past time, quick changes have occurred in the energy sector, primarily in the gas and oil market - there was a tendency to increase in hydrocarbons. Purely political motives play a serious role. In particular, the European commission submitted in March the draft plan for an accelerated rejection of Russian energy carriers. The document is primarily aimed at reducing dependence on Russian gas (two -thirds before the end of 2022) This even more aggravates the need to switch to alternative energy sources. Important decisions will be made by governments and intergovernmental organizations in the coming months.
Let"s talk about "green energy". Humanity will undoubtedly go to it. If we, the inhabitants of the Earth, will not do this, we risk it. The question is, in what date does humanity will carry out such a transition? And how much is agreed? Indeed, 195 states are crowded on the globe, which differ in terms of population, and in the territory, and in the degree of contribution to the pollution of the earth"s atmosphere.
An example of a quick decrease in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere decided to show the countries of the European Union. The bet was made on renewable energy sources - first of all, wind and sunlight. There is also water energy, but far from everywhere you can build hydroelectric power stations and tidal power plants. Huge wind generators began to rise throughout Europe, extensive fields with panels of solar panels (a separate topic for conversation - high cost, material and energy intensity, significant carbon trace of production, high cost of service, extremely expensive utilization - do not forget about all this)
The wind station does not pollute the environment little (though, due to windmills, birds and bats die) and does not require significant operating costs, while the high cost of stations and unpredictability of generation remains, that is, dependence on the wind. By 2050, the total power of wind power plants will be 20 times higher than the 2010 indicator. This growth is directly related to a decrease in the cost of the construction of windows, including the enlargement and cheaper of wind generators, as well as auxiliary electrical equipment. Currently, wind energy is the second renewable electricity production technology, second only to hydropower.
Solar energy, first of all, heliotrmal, associated with heating the surface that absorbs the sun"s rays and corresponding to the use of heat (focusing solar radiation on a vessel with water or salt for the subsequent use of heated water for heating, hot water supply or in steam electro generators) . Disadvantages: dependence on the weather and time of the day, seasonality in the middle latitudes and the mismatch of periods of energy production and energy need, leading to the need for energy accumulation. Among other things, the high cost of the structure associated with the use of rare elements (for example, India and telluri)
There is another type of solar energy - stations that use photoelectric elements that directly convert the energy of the sun into electricity. Photoelectric modules and arrays produce direct current, which, if necessary, converts into alternating. They can be used both locally and in the form of powerful power plants. The latter act primarily in the USA (12 stations, 9 of them in Solar California), as well as in the United Arab Emirates, in India, Chile, Germany, Italy. But the cost of such power plants is quite high. And the dependence on the weather is no less than the heliotrmal.
It seemed - a peppy example to other countries in Europe was filed. Mercifully, we ask to follow us. Reality has made its own adjustments. By the beginning of the 2020s, it became clear that plans for a complete transition to renewable energy sources, which means to refuse hydrocarbon sources of energy - coal, oil, gas - were too optimistic. The total power that chicken and solar energy can provide is not enough to replace ordinary thermal power plants, and even in a parallel rejection of nuclear power plants due to their potential danger. The ghost of an acute energy crisis loomed over Europe that EU leaders were forced to recognize.
After long discussions, the European Commission proposed to soften the conditions for the transition to the Green Energy - to include gas and peaceful atom among the "transitional" energy sources. And this transition will not be short: the decision on the construction of new thermal power plants (TPP) on the gas should be made until 2030, and new nuclear power plants - up to 2045? Moreover, the new TPPs should be equipped with emissions captures.
It seems that in the opposite direction, Japan decided to move, which announced some time ago about the intention to build 22 huge coal TPPs. The first of them is 1.3 gigavatts on the way. The decision of the Japanese government is forced - the country after the tragedy of Fukushima refuses nuclear power plants, and it is vital to replenish the endangered capacities.
On the prospects and difficulties of the transition to the Green Energy, about how the modern atomic energy can be attributed to it, about the prospects of a much cleaner (compared to atomic) thermonuclear energy, we speak in the main topic of this issue
Cover:
Cover:Soft
Category:
- Category:Biographies & Memoirs
- Category:Magazines & Encyclopedia
ISBN:
ISBN:857749
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