Logic with elements of mathematical logic. Textbook

The textbook presents traditional logic from the perspective of mathematical logic. The process of mathematization begins with the study of the concept, continues with the topic of judgment, and reaches its peak efficiency in the study of deductive reasoning. Thus, the most effective part of traditional logic is subjected to mathematization. The text discusses the relationship between logic and intuition in cognitive processes, the role of language in them, as well as plausible reasoning and elements of the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. It complies with the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education. It is primarily aimed at students of mathematical fields of study and specialties in universities, especially future mathematics and computer science teachers studying at the bachelor's and master's levels in pedagogical and classical universities. It will also be useful for students of humanities fields of study and specialties in universities - lawyers, philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, economists, historians, philologists, linguists, who study traditional logic and wish to learn how mathematical methods penetrate into the humanities, including the field of 'Applied Informatics'.