Knowledge is power. 2024. No. 2
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Russian Academy of Sciences: 21st Century
It was created 300 years ago and laid the foundation for the development of domestic science. It became the cornerstone of this development. Many glorious names are associated with its life. Almost all outstanding Russian scientists were its members.
The Russian Academy of Sciences was founded on February 8, 1724, by the decree of Emperor Peter I as the highest scientific institution of the Russian Empire. The name given to it at birth was the Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg. In 1747, it was changed to the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg. In 1803, it became the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Finally, in 1836, the name Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences appeared. Variants were allowed: St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences or Imperial Academy of Sciences. The name with variants remained until 1917. Then in May, its members proposed a new name - the Russian Academy of Sciences. Later it was approved by the Provisional Government and came into effect in October 1917. The name was in effect until 1925, and then it was changed to the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abbreviated as USSR Academy of Sciences. It lasted for a long time, but in the autumn of 1991, it was given the name Russian Academy of Sciences again. Or - RAS.
During the time of the Russian Empire, there was another academy - the Imperial Russian Academy. It can be called "literary". In 1841, it was joined to the Imperial Academy of Sciences as a separate Department of the Russian Language and Literature. Since then, the Academy has been engaged not only in natural sciences but also in humanities. As for the creators in the field of painting, sculpture, and architecture, in 1757 they acquired their own Academy of the three most distinguished arts (to which Mikhail Lomonosov contributed), which in 1764 Catherine the Great renamed the Imperial Academy of Arts. Science and fine arts received different academies, which is correct - creators and scientists have fundamentally different approaches to the study of the surrounding world.
In the last decade, the Russian Academy of Sciences has undergone significant transformations - it has been joined by the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and research institutes have been removed from its leadership, and the main function of the country's main scientific organization has now become expertise: evaluating the usefulness of scientific projects in various fields of scientific research and evaluating the effectiveness of conducted research. Time will show how effectively the potential of the Russian Academy of Sciences is used. But the connection of the Russian Academy of Sciences with scientific organizations now under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education is preserved because the overwhelming majority of academicians, corresponding members, and professors of the Russian Academy of Sciences work in former academic institutes, whose names still mention the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The main theme of this issue is a conversation with a number of leading scientists in the country who talk about what has been done in their scientific directions over the past decades and what tasks are facing domestic science in the coming years. This is especially relevant if we remember the Decade of Science and Technology declared in Russia in 2022.
It was created 300 years ago and laid the foundation for the development of domestic science. It became the cornerstone of this development. Many glorious names are associated with its life. Almost all outstanding Russian scientists were its members.
The Russian Academy of Sciences was founded on February 8, 1724, by the decree of Emperor Peter I as the highest scientific institution of the Russian Empire. The name given to it at birth was the Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg. In 1747, it was changed to the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg. In 1803, it became the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Finally, in 1836, the name Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences appeared. Variants were allowed: St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences or Imperial Academy of Sciences. The name with variants remained until 1917. Then in May, its members proposed a new name - the Russian Academy of Sciences. Later it was approved by the Provisional Government and came into effect in October 1917. The name was in effect until 1925, and then it was changed to the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Abbreviated as USSR Academy of Sciences. It lasted for a long time, but in the autumn of 1991, it was given the name Russian Academy of Sciences again. Or - RAS.
During the time of the Russian Empire, there was another academy - the Imperial Russian Academy. It can be called "literary". In 1841, it was joined to the Imperial Academy of Sciences as a separate Department of the Russian Language and Literature. Since then, the Academy has been engaged not only in natural sciences but also in humanities. As for the creators in the field of painting, sculpture, and architecture, in 1757 they acquired their own Academy of the three most distinguished arts (to which Mikhail Lomonosov contributed), which in 1764 Catherine the Great renamed the Imperial Academy of Arts. Science and fine arts received different academies, which is correct - creators and scientists have fundamentally different approaches to the study of the surrounding world.
In the last decade, the Russian Academy of Sciences has undergone significant transformations - it has been joined by the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and research institutes have been removed from its leadership, and the main function of the country's main scientific organization has now become expertise: evaluating the usefulness of scientific projects in various fields of scientific research and evaluating the effectiveness of conducted research. Time will show how effectively the potential of the Russian Academy of Sciences is used. But the connection of the Russian Academy of Sciences with scientific organizations now under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education is preserved because the overwhelming majority of academicians, corresponding members, and professors of the Russian Academy of Sciences work in former academic institutes, whose names still mention the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The main theme of this issue is a conversation with a number of leading scientists in the country who talk about what has been done in their scientific directions over the past decades and what tasks are facing domestic science in the coming years. This is especially relevant if we remember the Decade of Science and Technology declared in Russia in 2022.
Cover:
Cover:soft
Category:
- Category:Politics & Social Science
- Category:Science & Math
Dimensions:
Dimensions:23.5x16.5x.6 cm
ISBN:
ISBN:1005821
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