World and state coordinate systems and time accounts used in geography, geodesy

The training manual contains information about the forms (models) of the Earth: a ball, geoid, public and reference ellipsoids, quasijigeoid. The book describes the systems of world geocentric spatial coordinates PZ-90, WGS and the international ITRS system. The issue of using the state system of coordinates of the Russian Federation SK-95 is considered. The parameters of public ellipsoids used from January 1, 2014 are indicated in the unified state coordinate systems: a mental geocentric system - PZ -90.11, and the geodetic system - GSK -2011. The issue of using the State Coordinates SK-95 in geographical, geodetic and cartographic monitoring of the Earth for the needs of the economic activity of the Russian Federation is considered. The basic provisions and brief information are given about the orthometric, normal, geodetic, dynamic and conditional height systems. Star coordinates and time accounts are described, used in calculating ephemeride of artificial Earth satellites, GLONASS, GPS, Doris satellite systems. The manual includes a detailed glossary. Designed for bachelors of directions 05.03.04 "Hydrometeorology", 03/05/03 "Cartography and Geoinformatics", 05.03.06 "Ecology and Nature Management", 35.03.10 "Landscape architecture"