Papanin four: ups and downs

Russia is a northern country, and the awareness of this fact has always moved the authorities to explore and master the lands lying beyond the polar circle. An example is the Great Northern Expedition of Vitus Bering.
In Soviet times, the Arctic Project, which began in 1932 with the education of the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route (Glavsevmornuti), was associated with the name of one person -theoto Yulyevich Schmidt.
Successful passage of the Northern Sea Route for one navigation of the icebreaker type Alexander Sibiryakov in 1932 it is no coincidence that Glavsevmorputi coincides. The country had to almost create a system of navigation logistics throughout the Northern Sea Route from scratch, including the creation of a system of coastal polar stations, northern ports, radio communications, polar aviation and the Arctic fleet (primarily an icebreaker) For three years, this task was mainly solved