Lodzian campaign. 1914

The fighting of the parties in November-December 1914 on the Russian front of the First World War was waged in the conditions of depletion of the initial forces of the parties. In the summer, Russia achieved a decisive victory in Galicia over the Austrian army, but suffered a crushing defeat from Germanic in East Prussia. In October, the troops of the central powers undertook an attack on Sape and Villo, in hard battles the Russian army inflicted a heavy defeat to the enemy to forced to recede again: German troops - to the borders of Germany, Austrian troops - to the Carpathians and Krakow.
The following steps were operations near Lodz, Chenstokhova and Krakova, in Beskids and Limanova-Lapanwan battle. In this direction, it was planned to carry out the invasion of the Russian North-Western Front to Germany, and here a preemptive strike of the German Eastern Front was inflicted on the Russian plan.
The work is based on the study of documents of the military archives of Russia, Austria, Hungary, Germany, the analysis of the memoirs and diaries of participants in the battles. Almost all of them are first introduced into scientific circulation.
The purpose of the author is to create a general picture of the final battles of 1914 at the Russian theater of military operations, to show the plans and actions of the parties, the analysis of the causes of its outcome for opponents, to determine the loss and their influence on the course and results of both the campaign itself and all War