From the history of city and village names

The meaning of many historical names is hidden. Historians are already arguing about the meaning of the names Kyiv, Moscow, Samara, Ryazan, Smolensk. The author is trying to put an end to these disputes, suggesting the method (the concept of etymological rows) to identify the semantic and etymological meaning of toponyms. Kyiv, Samara and Cambridge are synonyms, it is cities put on crossings. Modern Russian has developed in the XVI-XVIII centuries, so most of our own names of earlier time in its framework it is impossible to understand without etymological analysis. The book opens up new directions of historical search. It is intended for those who are interested in Russian and world history, historical geography, Russian language, etymology