Scientific foundations of the material science of glasses. Tutorial

Material science glass - substances in glass -shaped state - has both theoretical and practical aspects. Currently, there is no educational literature that would connect these aspects on a single basis, the author intends to replenish this gap. Classical theories of glassing of liquids and the basics of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are presented. Based on the generalization of a large array of experimental data, it is shown how exactly the variety of relaxation processes in glass-forming liquids that form the properties of glasses is associated with a specific atomic-molecular structure determined by the chemical composition. With the involvement of Maxwell’s relaxation equations, new relationships are obtained that connect the properties that are important for both theory and practice (glass temperature, viscosity, relaxation times, electrical conductivity, elasticity modules, mechanical losses, etc) This opened up the possibility of accurate calculations, which still did not exist in the field of material science. The combination of temperature-time changes in the glasses (from their "centuries-old aging" to crystallization capacity) is described in a single system of representations. The analysis of the main classes of the glass used today in different fields of science and technology (oxide: silicate, borage, borosilicat, German, containing fluorides, phosphate, chalcogenid, organic molecular and polymer, metallic), in terms of the features of their structure and the originality of properties, important for practice. The principles of production of glasses for various purposes are briefly described and promising areas of practical developments for each group of these substances are noted. The mathematical, physical and chemical sides of the presentation are given in an extremely affordable form.
The book is intended for students in the areas of training and specialties included in the UGC: "Chemistry", "Photonics, instrumentation, optical and biotechnical systems and technologies", "Chemical Technologies", "Physical and Technical Sciences and Technologies" , "Technologies of materials". The manual also is of interest to graduate students and scientists of both chemical, physical and chemical-technological profiles, whose training or work is associated with this area of ​​materials science