Filigreensology: a science of manual paper with watermarks

The training manual describes a wide range of issues of the development of scientific and technical thought related to the process of manual production, the distribution and study of paper with watermarks (filigers) The results of the analysis of the Russian and foreign fundamental and most important applied literature of the XVIII -XX centuries are generalized. On the history of paper, filigree and manual paper production in Europe and America. The characteristic of all directions of the 250th development of science on the history of manual production and methods of its identification in a historical study leads to the conclusion that the process of initial accumulation of knowledge is completed. The crisis of modern filigree studies is associated with insufficient productivity and accuracy of its methods. To overcome the crisis, the basic concept of a type of paper as a physical object with a set of instrumental study and reasonable in the information volume of indicators is introduced, practical methods for the removal and mathematical processing of these indicators are substantiated. The systematic approach to the history of production, trade and paper consumption is implemented in the schedules of probabilistic chronological distribution of its types of types for different eras and regions. On their basis, the coefficients are displayed for the new dating formula for any paper and filigree with specified degrees of probability. The system of quantitative analysis of paper of any number of species, in essence, overcomes the crisis of filigree studies by turning it into accurate science. The widest practical capabilities of modern filigree studies are demonstrated on the example of a comprehensive diplomatic analysis of the death of Tsarevich Dmitry Uglitsky. The book is equipped with alphabetical and thematic signs of all filigree works of reference significance