Determination of the area of land plots and other real estate objects. SPÖ

The methods for determining and evaluating the accuracy of land plot areas and other real estate objects related to them are presented. Algorithms for calculating the areas of polygonal objects based on vertex coordinates, linear, angular, and differential coordinate measurements are provided. Methods for determining and evaluating the accuracy of areas with curvilinear boundaries and shapes of elementary figures such as irregular quadrilaterals, rectangles, horizontal and spatial triangles are outlined. Ways of calculating the areas of the physical surface of land plots, their horizontal projections, projections onto the surface of an ellipsoid, as well as the areas of the plot's representation on a plane of a cartographic projection are given. Methods for measuring areas on cartographic materials using planimeters, digitizers, scanners, and palettes are described. Requirements for determining the areas of capital construction objects for the purposes of state cadastral registration are outlined. This textbook is intended for students of secondary specialized educational institutions studying in the fields of "Land Management," "Land and Property Relations," "Applied Geodesy," with the qualification of land surveyor specialist, land and property relations specialist, geodesy specialist. It may be useful for a wide range of professionals working in the fields of geodesy, land management, cadastres, and land monitoring.