Mathematics. 5-11 grades. Text tasks

For many years, training in solving text problems in mathematics in the Soviet, and then in the Russian school, was based on the use of equations from the 5th grade, which negatively affected the development of the thinking and speech of schoolchildren. The standard (GEF) and the program of teaching mathematics (2015-2016) formulate a new goal: to teach students to solve text problems in arithmetic ways.
This manual outlines the main approaches to teaching students to solve various problems in mostly arithmetic in an arithmetic way, key topics and types of problems of the school course of mathematics are highlighted, examples of solving problems in different ways are given, and problems for independent solutions are proposed. The content of the manual covers a wide range of issues: from a review of the use of text tasks in past eras in Russia and abroad, to the practice of using tasks in a modern school (main and older), includes the tasks of the final tests of the OGE and the exam.
The manual is addressed to students of primary and high school who wants to learn how to solve problems and successfully pass the OGE and the exam, teachers of mathematics, students of pedagogical universities, as well as parents of schoolchildren