Gardener and carpenter

How to convey to children the traditions of our culture, without imposing them and giving the new generation a chance to move on, developing their completely new values ​​and moving forward all civilization? How to make sure that the upbringing of a child does not turn into a tedious, exhausting work and bring not only a sense of fulfillment, but also joy? What needs to be done so as not to make mistakes, which will then be very difficult, if possible, fix it? What to do if these errors are already made? Alison Gopnik considers two fundamental approaches to the question of the function of parents and the phenomenon of the "parenthood". According to the first, old, approach - the role of parents, like carpenters, is to “put out” from the children of future demanded and respected members of society. A more modern approach compares parents, rather, with gardeners, whose task is to create suitable conditions and allow children to grow independently. But what difficulties do both parents and children along the way awaiting both the difficulties?