Architectures of computing systems

The textbook discusses the computer architecture at the level of the system and addresses. The presentation relies on the minimum understanding of the work of "iron" and operating systems, only the knowledge of the four actions of arithmetic is required from the reader. Data presentation, range and accuracy, number systems, number codes, variations of control commands, cycles structure, methods of organizing address variables are described. The structure of the subprograms, the organization of calling and returning, methods for transmitting parameters and conservation of registers and the corresponding commands to them are considered in detail. The conveyor of the teams and associated problems are described. Modern directions for the development of architectures are presented: RISC and CISC processors, architecture with the word super-large length