Functional Evolution of the Osmoregulatory System in Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)

The monograph is dedicated to the evolution of the Ossetian Surgery Acipenseridae Ossetian system based on a comparative analysis of the study of the homeostatic reaction of this system to changes in the salinity of the medium in sturgeon, differing in their ecology: freshwater (sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, Siberian stupery a. Baerii), anadromic novatovodny solo (Russian sturgeon a. Gueldenstaedtii , севрюга A. stellatus, персидский осетр A. persicus, белуга Huso huso) и анадромные морские (коротконосый осетр A. brevirostrum, атлантический осетр A. oxyrhinchus), а также пресноводные эндемики (большой амударьинский лопатонос Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni, Acipenseridae, и американский веслонос Polyodon Spathula, Polyodontidae) The stimulating effect of the natural factor of the environment - salinity - on the level of development of the mechanism of osmotic homeostasis in anadromic species was revealed. The evolution of the Ottor Ottroregulatory system is associated with an increase in the activity of the Na+-ecscretor function of chloride cells of the gills, na+-reassionate and Mg2+-sectoral function of the kidneys, the functional activity of the reabsorption of free water from urine, na+-absorption function body. The work presents an analysis of the process of changing hyperosmotic regulation to hypoosmotic regulation when the anadromic species from freshwater conditions to the marine environment. A change in the type of osmoregulation is carried out as a result of morphuntal restructuring of the complex of interconnected organs (hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretory and endocrine systems, effector organs) responsible for maintaining osmotic homeostasis. The monograph sets out the material on the development of the organs of the osmoregulatory system of the young, causing an increase in the level of osmoregulation and the expansion of the degree of euregalism in the post -emergency period