Animal training. Psychological observations of animals trained using my method.

Durov described psychological experiments on animals in his book, particularly on telepathy, psychology, parapsychology, etc. He collaborated with V. M. Bekhterev and I. P. Pavlov for his work. The results of the experiments are presented. Vladimir Leonidovich Durov (1863-1934) was a Russian and Soviet circus artist, animal trainer, and People's Artist of the Republic (1927). He performed in the arena since 1879. From 1883, he worked at the Winkler Circus Zoo in Moscow, and later at the Bezano Circus. He began his artistic career as a strongman, sound imitator, illusionist, mime artist, singer, and clown. In the zoo, Durov started performing as an animal trainer. From 1887, at the Salamonsky Circus in Moscow, he performed as a clown-trainer and satirist. He based animal training on conditioning reflexes through positive reinforcement: the animal received food for performing a trick. In 1912, to earn money, he opened a theater in his house, the "Ugolok Durova" (Durov's Corner). In 2023, we published Durov's books: "Grandpa Durov's Animals," "Notes of Durov's Pig," "About the Strong Ones of that World," "Feathered Artists: (Trained Birds of Grandpa Durov)," "Scientific Training of Hunting Dogs." Reprint from the 1924 edition. Moscow, with 79 illustrations.